Why is intolerance bad

The researchers aligned this data with geographic information on the Pale, demographic data, and historical numbers on pogroms. Over the centuries, Jews and non-Jews exhibited considerable hostility and rivalry in the Pale. While the groups had many market transactions, they had few social interactions, as documented by historians including Yuri Slezkine in his book The Jewish Century. Grosfeld, Rodnyansky, and Zhuravskaya argue that the presence of a group with an alien religion, language, and traditions gave non-Jews a feeling of solidarity.

The us-versus-them feeling manifested itself in business dealings. While most non-Jews farmed and did other less-skilled work, many Jews engaged in activities such as trading and finance—which many historians believe helped develop markets and capitalism in the region.

The proportion of entrepreneurs and self-employed individuals was much higher among Jews than among their non-Jewish counterparts. Jews came to represent a liberal, promarket force—one that triggered a conservative, antimarket, and anti-Jewish backlash. Analyzing pogroms in the area between and , the researchers find that areas that experienced the most pogroms during that time also had the highest antimarket sentiments in the late 20th century.

They also find that recent residents of what had been the Pale, compared to their counterparts elsewhere in Russia, voted more often for antimarket parties with socialist or communist leanings and had less interest in markets, entrepreneurship, and democracy.

Centuries of anti-Semitic practices and beliefs have left behind a distrust of markets and business. What, they ask, is the enduring effect of the Holocaust on the societies left behind?

The result, they find, is a devastated middle class and weakened economic prospects in the long run. While a handful of those cities were located in the Pale of Settlement, the majority were in areas farther east where Jews migrated after the restrictions of the Pale were lifted in Using census data and German death-squad reports, the researchers looked at 48 oblasts, administrative units larger than US counties but smaller than US states.

More than two-thirds of Jews in the 48 oblasts had white-collar jobs, while only 15 percent of non-Jews held such positions.

In oblasts with the largest Jewish populations, 68 percent of physicians and 10 percent of all white-collar workers were Jewish, despite the fact that Jews represented only 1 percent of the population. The researchers find that in oblasts in which Jews constituted 1 percent of the middle class in , the middle class shrank 5 percent by The Holocaust thus appears to have set these areas on a divergent course from that followed by other places.

Removing Jews from these oblasts created an enormous economic and social shock. They may, he adds, not be places that attract aspiring professionals long term. Oblasts where Jews were most persecuted and displaced had, later on, lower wages and per-capita income than the national average. These areas showed greater support for communist candidates in the s, were less reform minded, and were more likely to cling to old loyalties—such as voting in support of the preservation of the Soviet Union in March The authors used support for noncommunist candidates in the Duma elections as a proxy for political development, and compared this with population and income growth in cities that were impacted most by the Holocaust.

In these areas, the researchers find, the middle class has yet to recover. The loss of teachers, in particular, has had significant, long-lasting effects. In , soon after the Nazi Party took power, it passed a law that allowed the government to purge Jews from the civil service.

More than 15 percent of university professors, schoolteachers, doctors, and other white-collar professionals were dismissed as a result. The departure had a direct and quantifiable effect on students. Mevlude Akbulut-Yuksel and Mutlu Yuksel , both of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, find that adults who were school aged during Nazi rule wound up with six months less of schooling on average in adulthood than the national average.

Those who lived in cities that had the highest fraction of Jews prior to the war had almost 10 months less formal education. Children in Frankfurt, where Jews had been a relatively large 3. Germans affected by the teacher exodus were later less likely to have gone to college or to have obtained postgraduate degrees.

They ended up earning less money. The experience of the war made them less likely to have an interest in politics and conditioned them to take fewer risks as adults—effects that continue to the present day, say the researchers. Heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke if left untreated.

This can be fatal. If you live somewhere without air conditioning and you have MS, you may be able to deduct the cost of your fans and cooling equipment as a medical expense.

This is usually only possible if your doctor has written you a prescription for it. If you have heat intolerance due to hyperthyroidism, speak with your doctor about treatment options that may help reduce your sensitivity. Depending on the severity of your condition, this may include medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery. Be prepared to deal with all sorts of weather. While there isn't a clear explanation for why people get chronic idiopathic urticaria, there are several triggers that can cause symptom flare-ups.

Hives can be dark red, pink, or white bumps or raised areas. They may appear for no apparent reason. Here's why they happen and what to do. Autoimmune hives may not always have a known cause, or could be due to an underlying condition. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. What Is Heat Intolerance?

Medically reviewed by Suzanne Falck, M. What leads to heat intolerance? When the "product" is similar, there is competition. But Coke is not in conflict with Nabisco - in fact, a soda and chips go together quite well. They are completely different and thus complement each other; so too with certain religions.

It is often noted that teaching tolerance has to begin at home, with the parents. But what if the parents are intolerant? How can we get intolerant adults to be more tolerant? I can think of several ways to deal with intolerant adults:. Recommended books. Same-sex marriage.

True religion? Seasonal events Science vs. Hot Topics Laws and news 2. Attaining peace. Religious tolerance.

Religious freedom. Religious hatred. Religious conflict. Religious violence. Very hot topics. Ten Commandments. Abortion access. Assisted suicide. Death penalty. Human rights. Gays in the military. Stem cells. Other topics. Religious laws. Religious news. An essay donated by Laura E. Shulman Religious Intolerance: Causes and Solutions. Some observations Why do people of different religions seem to hate each other so much?

Some people have the idea that: "If my religion is right then you and yours must be wrong and we can't let people go around thinking they know the truth when they don't. Go to the previous page, or go to the "Religious conflict" menu , or to the Visitors' essays menu, or choose:.

Popular Pages Home. Top Menu. Follow Us. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy. Sponsored link Another reason for religious conflict is when there are some basic beliefs or practices in common but there are differences of opinion over the specifics. I can think of several ways to deal with intolerant adults: For one thing, we can model more tolerant attitudes by our own actions and the words we speak.

We can also share with others what we do know of other religions that they may not be aware of. A little education can go a long way to making someone think twice about their assumptions.